Lessons for Joint Ventures in China - 4656 Words

Lessons for Joint Ventures in China. Danone and Wahaha Case Study. 1 Lessons for Joint Ventures in China Danone and Wahaha Case Study 8/17/2012 MSc International Management programme Management across Cultures Prague College Lessons for Joint Ventures in China. Danone and Wahaha Case Study. 2 Contents 1. 2. 3. Objectives and scope. ........................................................................................................................... 3 Joint Venture: definition and relational factors.................................................................................... 4 Comparison of French Chinese cultural models. Hofstede’s model ................................................. 5 4. Short†¦show more content†¦Their research was conducted in order to find out the impact of trust and commitment on performance of international joint ventures. It was discovered that trust is the most significant factor that affect on level of joint venture’s satisfaction. In addition, they stated the importance of commitment on performance of IJVs as a significant factor along with trust. Fukuyama (1995) defines trust as â€Å"the expectation that arises within a community of regular, honest and co-operative behavior, based on commonly shared norms, on the part of other members of that community.† Wilson and Brennen (2008) noticed that â€Å"development of a trustworthy partnership has been argued to be the most effective way of prolonging a business relationship†. Fukuyama (1995) described trust in the Chinese culture as ingroup trust at the personal level, whereas trust in Western culture is system trust built up at the organizational level (im personal). This systems trust is tied to formal, societal structures, which have an Lessons for Joint Ventures in China. Danone and Wahaha Case Study. 5 existence separate from the material preferences, motivation and actions of individuals. What underlines systems trust in many respects is the contract. Fukuyama distinguishes high-trust societies form low-trust ones (Child, 2005, p. 340). Building trust is essential for maintaining a long-term business relationship in a joint venture. There needs to be a mutual understanding between the ChineseShow MoreRelatedA Chinese Technology Company for Sale1015 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Entrepreneurship Case study QI-TECH: A Chinese Technology Company for Sale Name: Choi Ying Kai SID: 06523393 Date edited: 11-11-2007 Case background: QI-TECH, a Chinese manufacturer of precision Coordinate Measurement Machines, is a joint venture established by Indiver BV, a Dutch aircraft engine manufacturer and a Chinese state-owned enterprise QQMF. Looking for a strategic exit, Indiver BV, which holds 50% of QI-TECH, must negotiate a sale with its Chinese partner and a potential buyerRead MoreShui Fabrics Case Study Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesmanaging in a global environment. 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Mouldy Bread Free Essays

I. Abstract This experiment was run to see how fast molds grow on bread in 3 different dry location, such as indoor room, fridge and freezer. The samples in a plastic container at room temperature showed mold in fewer days than the samples that kept in low temperature place as fridge and freezer. We will write a custom essay sample on Mouldy Bread or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think that this is because it was a better environment for the molds to grow. The breads that is kept cool will last longer on the plate than bread in normal room temperature. II. Introduction The purpose of the experiment was to know in what conditions the mold most grow and how fast. I thought that this would help people to find the best place to store the bread so that it would stay fresh and last longer. I also was curious about which factors do most affect the mold’s growth. I learned from my food science subject that mold is a tiny spores in the air that fall into damp food especially bread and grow by producing chemicals that root down the food, which also causes a bad taste for the food. If you look under a high power compound light microscope, you can see these microscopic look like threads that seem to be spread out thickly on the bread. Bread mold is found in many different types, shapes and colours. The most common bread molds are Penicillium and Aspergillus family. Penicillium and Aspergillus molds usually appear to be similar with spherical shape, also green and grey in colour, but both are different. Aspergillus mold have fine hairs that contain large balloons with spores inside. Some molds cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems. And a few molds such as Aspergillus produce mycotoxins, poisonous substances that can make us sick. The molds can be controlled by many different factors, such as the temperature, Ph (acidity and bases range), and the moisture. The optimum temperature for molds growth is around 20 – 35 oC and terminated at 100oC. The Ph range for growth is around 2 (acid) to 8. 5 (base), which means that it is extremely hard to control its acidity. They also need moist ground to grow on the surface, but it depends on how much free water particles inside which will changed into solid when the temperature reach 0o C. I have oticed that food left on the counter in the summer molds faster than food left out in the winter, this is the proof that mold likes warm environment. I also found out that the mold grows on the bread even in the dry place, which means that mold just need a very low moisture. My hypothesis is that the bread inside room temperature will grow faster than other samples that inside the refrigerator, because the amount of free water molecules will be decreased or even become soli d. III. Materials * 3 slice of Wonder Whole Meal ( White loaf bread ) * 2 Plastic plates 1 Plastic container * 1 Fridge * 1 Freezer * 1 Eye dropper * Water IV. Methods 1. Take out the bread of the package 2. Place one piece on each plastic plates and plastic container 3. Labeled the plastic plates ( B and C ) and the plastic container (A) 4. Take 30 ml amount of water into the eye dropper 5. Drop every 5 drops into each samples, once a day 6. Seal the plastic container 7. Place the plastic container on the counter 8. Put the other plates inside the fridge and freezer 9. Check back every plates every days for a weeks ( around 10. 00 PM ) 10. Record the data by measure the amount of mold by percentage (%) covered on each pieces of bread. V. Results Over a week and 7 days studies, I saw a slight difference in the amount of mold that grew on every pieces of bread. The bread in the plastic container grew much more than the other samples; even I can barely see the differences between the bread inside the fridge and the freezer. I measured the percent covered by mold on the top side of the bread. Data on % coverage can be seen below. The chart can be seen below in figure 1. Day 1, A=0% B=0% C=0% In the first day, I prepared all the materials and put them on the counter, fridge and freezer. Day 2, A= 0% B=0% C=0% In the second day, I don’t see any difference on the breads either. In this step I believe that it still need more time before the result comes up. Samples B and C become fragile. Day 3, A=4% B=0% C=0% In the third day, the sample A start to show the mold activities, it covered a small area around the corner of the side and start to shrink a little. But there is no difference on the others samples. The samples B accidently cracked because I put something on it. Day 4, A=11% B=0% C=0% In the fourth day, the molds on the sample A keep spreading around the surface, its colour is dark green and produce some bad smell, while the other samples still clean. Day 5, A= 15% B=0% C=0% In the fifth day, I saw a little difference in the mold’s area size but the bread really shrinks, the others two stay the same. In this day I try to not put some water into the samples. Day 6, A=15% B=0% C=0% In the sixth day, I can’t see any difference on all the samples which I came up with a conclusion that the mold really needs water to keep grow in the dry situation like Melbourne. Day 7, A=20% B=0% C=0% In the seventh day, the last day of my study, I found out that the threads of mold keep spreading around the top side o the bread and have a lot more verity of color, such as navy green, dark green and black. In contrast, the other 2 samples showed us that there is no single activity of mold appears but in exchange the bread become so hard and fragile. Figure 1. Percentage of mold coverage on bread VI. Discussion The mold grew a lot more on the bread in the container which stay at the room temperature and there are not even a single mold on the breads that stored inside the fridge and freezer. I think this is because the free water molecules inside become solid in a day and cause the mold growth to stop. In the seventh day the mold was starting to show a lot of different color. There was pale green, dark green and black color showing up at the end. I think if it kept going, the whole piece would be covered in a month. The bread that stays at room temperature is out of my expectation, because it should be mold faster than this. I believe it was caused by the cold temperature these days, as we entering the winter season. It kept the mold from grows as the free water molecules decreased. If the bread that you buy is moist and you keep it inside the plastic bags it will mold. So to prevent it from molding you can store it inside the refrigerator, either fridge or freezer is okay. It is still unclear from this experiment about how to slow down the growth of mold other than froze the bread. The frozen bread as the result of stored it inside the fridge will make lose its softness and it was getting as hard as the pores got dry. It can’t return to its original characteristic anymore. The other way is to dry toast it; it won’t mold more than a week since the progress is the same as the refrigerator. It didn’t look like it could let any more molds to grow. Also, the rate of coverage stopped increasing on the dry bread, so it might be done. VII. Conclusion Mold grows better in a moist environment than it does in a dry environment. The plastic container kept the moisture in and allowed the bread to mold. The temperature is also taking a big part in this experiment which means the lower the temperature, the longer it will stay edible. It seems to be sure that fridge and freezer is one of the best solution to kept the bread stay last longer. VIII. References In a major study of Food Industry (Bee May, 2012), it was found that the Mould is one of the micro organism that cause food poisoning and spoilage. * * Ezine Article. (2005). Bread Mold. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Bread-Moldid=405845 * Abigail’s Bakery. (No Year). Bread Mold Causes. Retrieved from http://www. abigailsbakery. com/bread-recipes/bread-mold-causes. htm * True Visions Microscopes. (2005). Looking at Bread Mold Under the Microscopes. Retrieved from http://www. truevisionmicroscopes. com/looking-at-bread-mold-under-the-microscope. html How to cite Mouldy Bread, Papers

The Deadliest Wars free essay sample

We are offering our special pizza. Background and Goals We understand that you have been serving your customers with variety of food in your buffet every day. It is obvious that your customers are gaining satisfaction and hat is the reason why they are encouraged to go back. However, like what you and other industries are doing, introducing new variety of products to the customers is also addressing their needs and wants more delightfully. We are here to offer you our unique and delicious pizza at low cost that will help you achieve your goal. By including our pizza to your buffet, it would give your customers more options on what to eat. It would also add another variation in your food choices. Lil PizzaRica will help you answer your customers needs and wants more than what you promised. Proposed Plan We are offering our unique and delicious pizza that would surely catch your customers taste. We will write a custom essay sample on The Deadliest Wars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have nine different flavors, which are the following: CheezyGarTom Xtreme Hawaiian HammyCheezy HammyCheezySausage CheezyPepperoni SausageBacon SausageCheesy Cheezy-na-Cheezy CheezyPepperoni with Sausage. The Deadliest Wars By lesleykehoe In 1914, when the European powers took to war, it was clear that years of building tension had erupted in one of the deadliest wars the world had ever seen. The general consensus among Americans, under the presidency of Woodrow Wilson, was that it was in Americas best interest not to enter the war. There is no doubt that American citizens would have taken comfort in the fact that Wilson was also reluctant to engage in any form of belligerency. He wanted to Mndicate principals for peace and Wilson in fact stated that America should be impartial in thought as well as in actions. In John G. Coogans article, Wilsons Unneutrality and its Costs, he makes it clear that, that in a time when American would have liked to be regarded as a mediator among the European powers, Wilson willingly disregarded international law and American History, and attempted to redefine neutrality, without the aid of awyers and textbooks. Coogan believes that the best summation of Wilsons attitude towards neutrality in the time of World War 1 was that his own opinion was his law. Coogans article condemns Wilson on the basis that he completely disregarded maritime law. He states that Wilson made no effort to hold the British maritime system within the boundaries of United States doctrines surrounding the rules of the high seas. In the first six months of war, Coogan tells us of how Wilson made only mild protest when Britain went in complete breach of maritime law by claiming the right to seize neutral ships on mere suspicion. These ships could be seized and held under the rule guilty until you prove yourself innocent. This was entirely against the sovereign rights of neutral citizens and states, yet Wilson, in Coogans opinion, seemed to turn a blind eye to the situation. America, according to Coogan, wished to be seen as a mediator by the European powers. However, the author attacks Wilson again when he says that Wilson chose to ignore Britains control over Dutch, Danish and Norwegian ports in order to keep them short of food, guaranteeing that there would be no surplus available for Germany. Coogan questions whether Wilson Just anted to give Americans the idea of isolation from the war. Wilson spoke in his public addresses of how neutrality was for Americas best interest, and it was Americas best interest he constantly had in mind. However, he said this while offering non belligerent aid to the Allies, Justifying this by stating that it would ensure national security. It appears that he gave Americans the comfort of believing American was neutral, but contradicted this completely in his actions. Coogan laughs at his excuse that while this may have been what citizens believed, this was never his intent. It appears that Wilson didnt see the contradiction between public promises of neutrality and ignorance of breach in maritime laws. In Coogans opinion, the real measure of American neutrality is Wilsons reaction when Germany stated that while it would regret a violation of Americas maritime rights in operations directed at the allies, they felt it was unavoidable. Germany were killing sailors and civilian passengers. Wilson reacted six days later with a strongly worded ultimatum, explaining in no uncertain terms that he wished for this to stop. He was, however, still unwilling to Join the war. Britain announced at the same time that they would blockade Germany, preventing neutral ships from supplying contraband goods to Wilson only mildly protested, sending a note that was described by British Assistant undersecretary as a letter that was altogether in a friendly tone. This event, as Coogan expresses, clearly shows the gulf between Wilsons public front of pro neutrality, and his actions Coogan believes that Wilson was delusional when he stated that he only entered the war because he was forced into it, in order to protect America from German submarines.

Appealing to Tradition Fallacy

Appealing to Tradition Fallacy Fallacy Name: Appeal to AgeAlternative Names:argumentum ad antiquitatemAppeal to TraditionAppeal to CustomAppeal to Common PracticeCategory: Appeals to Emotion and Desire Explanation of the Appeal to Age Fallacy The Appeal to Age fallacy goes in the opposite direction from the Appeal to Novelty fallacy by arguing that when something is old, then this somehow enhances the value or truth of the proposition in question. The Latin for Appeal to Age is argumentum ad antiquitatem, and the most common form is: 1. It is old or long-used, so it must better than this new-fangled stuff. People have a strong tendency towards conservatism; that is to say, people have a tendency to preserve practices and habits which seem to work rather than replace them with new ideas. Sometimes this may be due to laziness, and sometimes it may simply be a matter of efficiency. In general, though, its probably a product of evolutionary success because habits which allowed for survival in the past wont be abandoned too quickly or easily in the present. Sticking with something that works isnt a problem; insisting on a certain way of doing things simply because its traditional or old is a problem and, in a logical argument, it is a fallacy. Examples of the Appeal to Age Fallacy One common use of an Appeal to Age fallacy is when trying to justify something which cant be defended on actual merits, like, for example, discrimination or bigotry: 2. Its standard practice to pay men more than women so well continue adhering to the same standards this company has always followed.3. Dog fighting is a sport thats been around for hundreds if not thousands of years. Our ancestors enjoyed it and it has become part of our heritage.4. My mother always put sage in the turkey stuffing so I do it too. While its true that the practices in question have been around for a long time, no reason for continuing these practices are given; instead, its simply assumed that old, traditional practices should be continued. There isnt even any attempt to explain and defend why these practices existed in the first place, and thats important because it might reveal that the circumstances which originally produced these practices have changed enough to warrant dropping those practices. There are quite a few people out there who are under the mistaken impression that the age of an item, and that alone, is indicative of its value and usefulness. Such an attitude is not entirely without warrant. Just as it is true that a new product can provide new benefits, it is also true that something older may have value because it has worked for a long time. It isnt true that we can assume, without further question, that an old object or practice is valuable simply because it is old. Perhaps it has been used a lot because no one has ever known or tried any better. Perhaps new and better replacements are absent because people have accepted a fallacious Appeal to Age. If there are sound, valid arguments in defense of some traditional practice, then they should be offered, and it should be demonstrated that it is, in fact, superior to newer alternatives. Appeal to Age and Religion Its also easy to find fallacious appeals to age in the context of religion. Indeed, it would probably be hard to find a religion which doesnt use the fallacy at least some of the time because its rare to find a religion which doesnt rely heavily on tradition as part of how it enforces various doctrines. Pope Paul VI wrote in 1976 in Response to the Letter of His Grace the Most Reverend Dr. F.D. Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury, concerning the Ordination of Women to the Priesthood: 5. [The Catholic Church] holds that it is not admissible to ordain women to the priesthood for very fundamental reasons. These reasons include: the example recorded in the Sacred Scriptures of Christ choosing his Apostles only from among men; the constant practice of the Church, which has imitated Christ in choosing only men; and her living teaching authority which has consistently held that the exclusion of women from the priesthood is in accordance with Gods plan for his Church. Three arguments are offered by Pope Paul VI in defense of keeping women out of the priesthood. The first appeals to the Bible and isnt an Appeal to Age fallacy. The second and third are so explicit as fallacies that they could be cited in textbooks: we should keep doing this because its how the church has constantly done it and because what church authority has consistently decreed. Put more formally, his argument is: Premise 1: The constant practice of the Church has been to choose only men as priests.Premise 2: The teaching authority of the Church has consistently held that women should be excluded from the priesthood.Conclusion: Therefore, it is not admissible to ordain women to the priesthood. The argument may not use the words age or tradition, but the use of constant practice and consistently create the same fallacy.

Napoleon Bonaparte - A slayer of the Revolution essays

Napoleon Bonaparte - A slayer of the Revolution essays The French Revolution was fought for the equality, liberty and fraternity of the third social class in France. These ideas were carried on into the post revolutionary era of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon Bonaparte was a product of the Revolution, for if it were not for the revolution, he would not have gained any major military and political opportunities like he had been given. Liberty, equality and fraternity became some of the most important principles of the revolution. It may have seemed that Napoleon Bonaparte kept alive these principals of the revolution but in reality through his oppression of equality, consulate government, and raze of liberty and freedom, he became a slayer of the Revolution. Napoleon had appeared to the population of France to be a believer in equality, one of the principles of the revolution. The first task of Napoleons government was to draw up a new constitution. This constitution affirmed the equality of all citizens before the law, but it only concerned men because the husband was given absolute authority over the family. Women had no rights and were seen as inferior to men. Napoleon also had a legion of honor, which placed people in different rankings in the military according to what good they have done their country and what they have accomplished. If Napoleon believed in equality, he believed in imposing it from above. The thought of equality did not refer to Napoleon or his family, for he became Emperor and they princes and kings. Napoleon used certain tactics while he was in power to get what he wanted, even if that meant lying to the people of France. Napoleon created a constitution that gave the illusion of a representative government, while he was transforming himself into emperor. This worked for Napoleon because the French thought they had a representative government. In reality, the representative government had no real power and Napoleon always had the final say. When ...

Monday Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monday - Essay Example The description of work he has done, one room is compared to a wedding cake in the story, illustrates his heart-felt belief that life is not just about money. In terms of Fitch's perspective, Helprin shows us this ethic with the comment about seeing soul in a building. For Fitch, in a business where most contractors are simply concerned about getting the highest profit for the least amount of work, he sees the elements of beauty as the expression of the heart. His pride in craftsmanship and attention to detail evidences a character that is a deep, honest, and caring human being. Another significant aspect of Fitch's character is his honor. He is an honorable man above all other things. His treatment of his employees shows integrity; a quality that they mirror when they insist that they will work on Lilly's apartment at no charge. His argument with the architect over his placing supports in a building that were absent from the plans demonstrates that he cares about his reputation. Rather than adding a costly element that he could have omitted and blamed upon the architect, he decides that he is the builder and will do what's right.

Managament. Social Technology and Why Most Changes Fail Article

Managament. Social Technology and Why Most Changes Fail - Article Example Social media is use of sites such as face book, twitter and you tube to upload videos, photos and documents and then sharing them with the world. It can thus be used by companies to sell their products and services by uploading graphical images of their products or describe a wide range of product that they offer. Using the social media to advertise goods and services is cheap because a company needs to create one website and then post its content in it. It then links this site with the social media sites such as Facebook and twitter (Maidment, 2012). The advertisement appears in the social media and the company is guaranteed that many social media users will view them. In this manner, the company is able to do quick, cheap and wide coverage of marketing its products. The owners of these social media have recently seen the growth in the number of advertisements, for example, in January 2013 the advertisements on You Tube got four billion views per day. This is a kind of business marketing that organisations cannot ignore. This is because they are often not affected by traffic of advertisers and raise the reputation of a company faster. In addition, this kind of marketing has a parameter for measuring performance because the social media platform records the number of people who have viewed that advertisement (Maidment, 2012). Therefore, organisations that do not take advantage of this cheap advertising will be lagging behind in competing for clients. The power of social media marketing lies in being creative in the way the content of the website is designed. Depending on the company, attractive content should be used and that makes users come back to the same site. For example, in case of a financial services company, it can use a PowerPoint that displays step by step financial literacy to young people (Maidment, 2012). CRITIQUE The well-known social sites are Facebook, twitter and YouTube. Face book alone has over four billion users in the world. This social site was designed in such a manner that it can accommodate both social and commercial services (Maidment, 2012). The social services are sharing photos, videos and documents with the people one wishes. These sites also allow users to make online friends with no limitation of the number of friends. This means that one friend connects with another and in so doing; Facebook connects all its users through one platform. The art of marketing depends on making both formal and informal networks through which information about products and services is shared. Informal networks of marketing involve using close relatives to spread the marketing information about a product or service. It is often not very effective because of the few people who are reached. Formal networks of marke ting involves use of exhibitions, corporate marketing and other professional related networks to market a product (Maidment, 2012). The effectiveness of any marketing strategy depends on how it is cheap, accessible, and easy to use or convince customers to buy the product being offered (Maidment, 2012). A marketing strategy is also economical to the company if it can be sustained by the economic resources of that company for a long time and shows signs of giving back good returns. In addition, it has to reach a large number of people and be effective in convincing clients to buy the products or services offered. The strategy should also aim to target the right customers in terms of their needs, age and their economic wellbeing. Social media is an example of a tool that meets the requirements of a cheap, effective, and easily accessible advertising and marketing strategy. This is because of the large and diverse number of users that are currently using the social media. It is